MVME162-533A工控模块系统备件
应力消除通常会在中等温度下产生细小的再结晶结构，中间夹杂着冷加工细长晶粒结构。高于上曲线的温度将导致晶粒生长。这些合金设计用于高温环境。对时间的最佳阻力通过加热到引起晶粒生长的温度，可获得高温下的相关变形蠕变。通常使用的温度为至。根据尺寸和熔炉特性，调节温度下的时间以达到或更粗的粒度。还应调整温度和时间，以限制晶粒过度生长，因为当晶粒发生额外生长时，几乎不会获得额外的蠕变强度。过度晶粒生长的一个缺点是暴露于高温后韧性降低。冷成型超过的材料应在细粒状态下订购。将被加热进行热加工的材料应处于热加工状态或退火状态。为了获得制造后的最佳蠕变断裂强度，应按照上述要求对材料进行退火，以获得第号的最小平均晶粒尺寸。使细晶粒材料变形的一个优点是表面粗糙度降低，通常称为橘皮。另一个是细晶粒材料与粗晶粒材料的热开裂倾向降低。形状不允许回弹的高度冷加工部件在加热时特别容易开裂。这些紧密裂纹的驱动力是高残余拉伸应力。当加热到退火温度时，细晶粒材料将更迅速地释放残余应力，从而减少开裂的趋势。由于部件尺寸或经济性，在制造后不可能进行热处理。以下是粗颗粒材料在高温环境下的应用指南。一种是将冷加工限制在以下的应变，另一种是限制使用温度和持续时间，以免造成再结晶。图显示了冷应变和后再结晶的开始与退火时间或使用时间的关系。该图仅显示了温度和持续时间限制的近似值，因为从热到热的成分变化以及所涉及的热机械历史将影响再结晶行为。总之，制造后热处理取决于制造成形和或焊接产生的应变量和使用条件。根据图和中包含的数据，可以确定在进行制造后热处理时，是使用应力消除温度还是最低固溶退火温度。合金&温度再结晶完全再结晶开始冷加工对合金和再结晶的影响和温度，图。合金与和再结晶开始的温度时间加工合金可通过标准方法进行加工。使用涂层硬质合金刀具可以以高金属去除率良好的刀具寿命和良好的表面光洁度进行车削操作。使用高速钢刀具也获得了良好的结果，该刀具更适合断续切削。涂层硬质合金刀具在的切削速度和的进给量下显示出良好的寿命。高速钢刀具在和的切削速度下显示出较好的寿命。有关更多信息，请参阅专用金属机械加工金属网站连接合金和具有与合金相同的良好焊接性。这两种合金通常用于需要高蠕变断裂强度的应用，应与具有适用于预期使用温度的强度特性的焊接产品连接。对于高达的温度，焊条用于保护金属电弧焊，填充金属用于气体保护焊。表列出了这些焊接金属在不同温度下的断裂强度。填充金属也与埋弧焊焊剂一起用于合金和的埋弧焊。对于超过的工作温度，最佳焊接产品选择取决于所涉及的特定工作温度和焊接接头所需的性能。对于需要最高强度和耐腐蚀性的应用，建议使用焊接电极和填充金属。图比较了电极和合金和的应力断裂强度。为了便于焊工资格认证，第九节和合金的分类为。先前推荐用于连接合金和的焊接耗材具有第九节级。晶粒尺寸英寸。温度，温度，伸长硬度应力应力晶粒度平均直径屈服强度偏移伸长率拉伸强度硬度图。退火温度对合金合金和性能的影响表合金与焊接产品所有焊接金属试样的断裂强度小时小时小时破裂温度应力单位以粗体表示的值。焊接电极合金和图。
Stress relief usually produces fine recrystallization structure at medium temperature, with cold worked elongated grain structure in the middle. Temperature higher than the above curve will lead to grain growth. These alloys are designed for high temperatures. The best resistance to time can be obtained by heating to the temperature that causes grain growth. The commonly used temperature is to. Depending on the size and furnace characteristics, adjust the time at temperature to achieve or coarser grain size. The temperature and time should also be adjusted to limit excessive grain growth, since when additional grain growth occurs, little additional creep strength is obtained. One disadvantage of excessive grain growth is the reduced toughness after exposure to high temperatures. Materials over cold forming shall be ordered in fine grain condition. The materials to be heated for hot working shall be in hot working state or annealed state. In order to obtain the optimum creep rupture strength after fabrication, the material shall be annealed in accordance with the above requirements to obtain the minimum average grain size of No. One advantage of deforming fine grained materials is the reduction of surface roughness, commonly known as orange peel. The other is the reduction of thermal cracking tendency of fine grain materials and coarse grain materials. Highly cold worked parts whose shape does not allow springback are particularly prone to cracking when heated. The driving force of these tight cracks is high residual tensile stress. When heated to the annealing temperature, the residual stress of fine grain materials will be released more rapidly, thus reducing the tendency of cracking. Due to the size or economy of the components, it is not possible to perform heat treatment after manufacturing. The following is a guide to the application of coarse-grained materials at high temperatures. One is to limit the cold working to the following strain, and the other is to limit the use temperature and duration to avoid recrystallization. The figure shows the relationship between the beginning of cold strain and post recrystallization and annealing time or service time. This figure only shows approximate values of temperature and duration limits, because the composition change from heat to heat and the involved thermo mechanical history will affect the recrystallization behavior. In a word, post manufacturing heat treatment depends on the strain and service conditions generated by manufacturing forming and or welding. According to the data contained in the figures and, it can be determined whether to use the stress relief temperature or the lowest solution annealing temperature for post manufacturing heat treatment. Alloy temperature recrystallization complete recrystallization begins cold working effect on alloy and recrystallization and temperature, Fig. Alloy and temperature time processing alloy at the beginning of recrystallization can be processed by standard methods. The coated carbide tool can be used for turning operations with high metal removal rate, good tool life and good surface finish. Good results have also been obtained by using high speed steel tools, which are more suitable for intermittent cutting. The coated carbide tools show good life under the cutting speed and feed rate of. High speed steel tools show good life at cutting speeds of and. For more information, refer to the Special Metal Machined Metals website to connect alloys and have the same good weldability as alloys. These two alloys are typically used in applications that require high creep rupture strength and should be connected to welded products that have strength properties appropriate to the intended service temperature. For temperatures up to, electrodes are used for shielded metal arc welding and filler metals for gas shielded welding. Table lists the breaking strength of these weld metals at different temperatures. Filler metal is also used with submerged arc welding flux for submerged arc welding of alloys and. For operating temperatures above, the best choice of welding products depends on the specific operating temperatures involved and the properties required for the welded joint. Welding electrodes and filler metals are recommended for applications requiring the highest strength and corrosion resistance. The stress rupture strength of electrode and alloy and are compared in Fig. In order to facilitate welder qualification, Section IX and alloys are classified as. Welding consumables previously recommended for joining alloys and have a Class IX rating. Grain size in. Temperature, Temperature, Elongation Hardness Stress Grain Size Average Diameter Yield Strength Offset Elongation Tensile Strength Hardness Chart. The influence of annealing temperature on alloy alloy and properties Table The breaking strength of all weld metal samples of alloy and welding products is the value expressed in bold. Welding electrode alloy and figure.
